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This randomized phase III trial examines whether lengthening the dosage interval in an adaptive manner for the prostate cancer drug lutetium 177 Lu PSMA RLT improves quality of life without decreasing lifespan when compared to the standard way this medication is given. This study is for patients with hormone resistant prostate cancer that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body. Hormone resistant prostate cancer often has many cells containing a protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on their surface. The normal cells in the prostate do not normally express as much PSMA protein on their surface as cancer cells. Lutetium 177 Lu PSMA RLT binds to the PSMA protein on the tumor cells. It builds up in these cells and gives off radiation that may kill them. Typically, this medication is given at the same dose every 6 weeks for up to 6 doses. In this trial, researchers want to see if treatment following the first two doses of lutetium 177 Lu PSMA RLT can be delayed until there is evidence of disease activity. This may be an effective way to improve quality of life without decreasing lifespan in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Who can Participate

Inclusion Criteria: PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): Patients must have histological, pathological, and/or cytological confirmation of prostate adenocarcinoma PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): Patients must have a positive PSMA PET/CT scan (either gallium Ga 68 gozetotide [68Ga-PSMA-11], fluorine F 18 piflufolastat [18F- DCFPyl], or fluorine F 18 flotufolastat gallium [18F-rhPSMA-7.3]), as defined as uptake greater than liver with no PSMA negative measurable soft tissue disease PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): PSA greater than 2.0 ng/mL PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): Patients must have progressive mCRPC. Documented progressive mCRPC will be based on at least 1 of the following criteria: Serum PSA progression defined as 2 consecutive increases in PSA over a previous reference value measured at least 1 week prior. The minimal start value is 2.0 ng/mL Soft-tissue progression defined as an increase ≥ 20% in the sum of the diameter (SOD) (short axis for nodal lesions and long axis for non-nodal lesions) of all target lesions based on the smallest SOD since treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions Progression of bone disease: evaluable disease or new bone lesions(s) by bone scan (2+2 Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 [PCWG3] criteria, Scher et al 2016) PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): Patients must have prior orchiectomy and/or ongoing androgen-deprivation therapy and a castrate level of serum testosterone (< 50 ng/dL or < 1.7 nmol/L) PRE-REGISTRATION (STEP 0): Patients must have received at least one androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) (to include either apalutamide, darolutamide, enzalutamide, or abiraterone) * ARPI must be stopped at least 4 weeks prior to pre-registration Detailed eligibility criteria is available on ClinicalTrials.gov. These requirements will be discussed with your doctor and/or study representative. ClinicalTrials.gov to learn more about this study.

Study ID

More information available at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07200830